RESUMO
The COVID-19 pandemic has made it abundantly clear how crucial biomedical science is to pandemic control and prevention on a global scale. The importance of biomedical science in the fight against pandemics has increased with the appearance of new, deadly infectious diseases. Biomedical science and engineering have been presented as possible areas for combating the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) due to the unique challenges raised by the pandemic, as reported by epidemiologists, immunologists, and doctors, including the survival, symptoms, protein surface composition, and infection mechanisms of COVID-19. These multidisciplinary engineering concepts are applied to design and develop prevention methods, diagnostics, monitoring, and therapies. An infectious disease outbreak that has spread over a sizable region, such as several continents or the entire world, and is affecting a sizable number of people is referred to as a "pandemic. While current knowledge about the SARS-CoV-2 virus is still limited, various (old and new) biomedical approaches have been developed and tested. Here, we review the emerging applications of biomedical science in pandemic prevention and control, including rapid diagnosis tests, the development of vaccines, antiviral therapies, artificial intelligence, genome sequencing, and personal protective equipment. Biomedical science and nanotechnology are two fields that have the potential to combine to develop emerging applications for combating pandemics. In this review, we also discuss the intersection of biomedical science and nanotechnology in pandemic prevention and control.
RESUMO
An inflammatory collagenopathy of infancy characterized by subperiosteal bone hyperplasia is known as infantile cortical hyperostosis (ICH) or Caffey disease. A 10-day male infant presented to the hospital with leg swelling, excessive crying, and irritability since birth. He was born with the swallowed part of his tibia bone. The X-ray suggested hyperostosis of the bilateral tibia bone involving the anterior cortex, which is more prominent on the right side. The infant was clinically monitored and treated and discharged after the swelling was reduced. Again, he was admitted to the hospital at 10 weeks of life, and a similar thickening appeared on his left tibia. He was administered analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and discharged under a follow-up schedule. The infant was monitored in the pediatric ward for the next seven days. The swelling and pain completely subsided one and a half weeks after hospitalization, and continued follow-up was suggested until the complete correction of the disease on an outpatient basis. This disease must be recognized and understood, and the clinical-radiological correlation is significant.
RESUMO
An ampullary carcinoma (AC) is defined as cancer that arises in the ampulla of Vater (AV). It is a tiny opening in the beginning segment of the small intestine called the duodenum. Pancreatic and bile duct fluids are pumped into the intestines via the AV. There are various factors listed as the causes of AC. A 45-year-old male presented to the emergency department with complaints of pain in the abdomen for two months, vomiting for two days, and a history of fever for four days, which was persistent in nature. He had been operated on for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) stenting two months back due to pain in the abdomen. The patient underwent investigations such as blood tests, histopathology, ultrasonography, abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT), and ampullary mass biopsy, based on which a final diagnosis was made. The patient was operated on by the Whipple surgical procedure and was later treated with antibiotics and analgesics. Surgical management for AC is a novel treatment chosen instead of chemotherapy. Although early-stage AC can be cured with radical surgery, around half of the patients experience tumor recurrence. The prognosis of our patient was good.
